Must / Have to

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Lead-In

In pairs or small groups, discuss one of the topics below.

The chores I have to do at home

The things I mustn’t do at school

The things I don’t have to do at the weekends

The skills I must develop to get my dream job

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Must / Have to

Must / Have to

Must and have to express obligation[explanation: obligation [ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n] – kohustus]. We usually use must when we have decided that something is important. ​​We use have to when someone else has decided this.

Must only has the Present Simple form. Have to has all the tense forms.

Present Simple

Statements

I must do my homework.
Jane must help me.​

must + base form of the main verb

I have to do my homework.
Jane has to help me.​

have to/has to + base form of the main verb

Negative sentences

You must not eat this!
Jane mustn’t go before she helps me.​

must + not + base form of the main verb

I don’t have to do the dishes.
Jane doesn’t have to help me.​

do/does + not + have to + base form of the main verb

mustn’t = it’s forbidden[explanation: forbidden [fəˈbɪd(ə)n] – keelatud]

don’t have to = no obligation

Questions

Must Jane help me?

(question word) + must + subject + base form of the main verb

Does Jane have to help me?

(question word) + do/does + subject + have to + base form of the main verb

Past Simple

Statements

I had to do my homework.

had to + base form of the main verb

Negative sentences

I didn’t have to do the dishes.

did + not + have to + base form of the main verb

Questions

Did you have to wash the floors?

(question word) + did + subject + have to + base form of the main verb

NB! Know the difference!

don’t have to/doesn’t have to = ei pea

​mustn’t = ei tohi

Have to in other tenses:

Jane has had to do her homework.

Jackson had had to make his bed.

Will you have to take the dog out tomorrow?

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Let’s Practise!

  1. I must get through this level today.
  • It’s important that I complete this level.
  • I’ve already completed this level.
  • I can complete this level if I want to.
  1. You have to go.
  • You can go.
  • You need to go.
  • You may go.
  1. I must not give up!
  • I should stop trying.
  • I wasn’t able to carry on.
  • I need to stay strong.
  1. Jane didn’t have to help me.
  • I needed Jane’s help.
  • Jane’s help wasn’t necessary.
  • Jane should have helped me.
  • must
  • has
  • have
  • mustn’t
  • doesn’t have
  1. I  to walk the dog every evening.
  2. You  be careful while driving in the rain.
  3. She  to rush[annotation: rush [rʌʃ] – tormama, kiirustama] – the film is about to start.
  4. They  play with matches[annotation: match [mætʃ] – tuletikk] – it can be too dangerous.
  5. You  look both ways when you cross the street.
  6. He  to cook dinner tonight because his parents have already ordered takeaway[annotation: takeaway (food) (BrE) [ˈteɪkəweɪ ˌfuːd] – kaasavõetav (toit)].
  7. We  forget to lock the door when we leave.
  1. You  finish all the food – you can leave some for later.
  2. Whenever we go on holiday, my parents  fill in many forms because we are under 18.
  3. Children  go swimming alone if there is no lifeguard around.
  4. I have a lot of things on my to-do list, and I  finish it before 9 p.m.
  5. The good news is that the audience  pay for the concert tickets – the event will be free.
  6. My cousins  move to a new country for their jobs in 2021.

Pairwork 1

A

Think of a friend, then tell your partner how busy your friend’s week is. Use the ideas from the box to help you. You can also add your own ideas. Switch roles.

Today, my friend has to take the dog out.

Today, he/she must/has to ...​

Yesterday, he/she had to ...

Tomorrow, he/she will have to ...

- write a history essay[explanation: essay [ˈeseɪ] – essee]
​- do all the maths homework
​- give the dog some food
​- clean his/her room
​- mow the lawn[explanation: mow* the lawn [məʊ ðə lɔːn] – muru niitma]
​- go to the dentist
​- fix the bike tyre[explanation: tyre (BrE), tire (AmE) [taɪə(r)] – rehv]
​- take the rubbish out
​- study for the English test

B

Now say the sentences from A in the negative form. Switch roles.

Next weekend, my friend won’t have to clean at all.

Today, he/she doesn’t have to …

Yesterday, he/she didn’t have to …

Tomorrow, he/she won’t have to …

C

What mustn’t your friend do? Think of a sentence using your own ideas and say it to your partner in English. Switch roles.

He/She mustn’t let the dog off its leash.

Pairwork 2

Talk to your partner. Discuss whether you must/have to or mustn’t/don’t have to perform the following actions and why.

watering the plants

helping your siblings with their homework

being polite to elderly people

lying to your parents

playing games on your phone at night

cheating on tests at school

making offensive[explanation: offensive [əˈfensɪv] – solvav] jokes

  1. You must .
  2. You mustn’t .
  3. You have to .
  4. You don’t have to .
  5. You can  .

Safety First

Take the quiz.

What must you do in case of a fire? 

  • jump out the window
  • nothing – it’s probably a false alarm
  • call the emergency services

What mustn’t you do when you’re alone in a dark street and someone is following you?

  • start talking to the stranger
  • scream as loudly as you can
  • keep walking and ignore them

What must you do when you see an elderly person fall in the street?

  • keep on minding your own business
  • ask how they are and call an ambulance if necessary
  • tell them a joke to make them feel better

When do you have to show your passport?

  • when you’re in the headmaster’s office
  • when you are asked for it by the airport’s staff
  • when a stranger stops you in the street

What mustn’t you do when a stray dog is following you?

  • start running away from it
  • avoid making loud noises
  • keep a safe distance from it
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How Am I Doing?

I can explain when to use must and have to.

I can explain the difference between mustn’t and don’t/doesn’t have to.

​I can use must and have to in the correct forms in my speech and writing.

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